ftp配置問題和完整個配置解析

一、安裝

yum -y install vsftpd

二、用戶操作

1、創(chuàng)建分組

groupadd ftpGroup

2、創(chuàng)建用戶，并指定分組和主目錄(-m創(chuàng)建主目錄) (重要)

useradd -d /opt/reconciliation -s /sbin/nologin -g ftpGroup -G root -m ftpUser

3、設定密碼

passwd ftpUser

4、設置訪問權限

usermod -d /opt/reconciliation/ ftpUser 　//更改用戶test的主目錄為/test

chown ftpUser /opt/reconciliation/

三、配置文件 (需求:只能創(chuàng)建用戶可以用并且只能在自己主目錄下不能切換目錄，關閉匿名)

1、關閉匿名

anonymous_enable=NO

anon_upload_enable=NO

anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO

2、只能寫入用戶可以使用 (如果沒有自己創(chuàng)建)

userlist_deny=NO

userlist_enable=YES

userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list

3、只能在自己主目錄下不能切換目錄(chroot_list_enable=YES ;可以隨意用戶chroot_list , 如果沒有創(chuàng)建)

chroot_local_user=YES

chroot_list_enable=YES

chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

4、修改端口和被動時的端口

listen_port=2121

pasv_enable=YES

pasv_min_port=10000

pasv_max_port=20000

四、防火墻問題

1、關閉防火墻

systemctl stop firewalld.service(臨時)

systemctl disable firewalld.service(永久)

2、關閉selinux服務(getenforce 這個命令檢查)

setenforce 0 (臨時關閉)

vi /etc/selinux/config 將SELINUX=enforcing改為：SELINUX=disabled (永久關閉)

3、系統(tǒng)重啟，讓配置生效

shutdown -r now

五、vsftp服務

1、設置vsftpd開機啟動

systemctl enable vsftpd.service

2、啟動并查看vsftpd服務狀態(tài)

systemctl start vsftpd.service

systemctl status vsftpd.service

六、附完整個的配置一份

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities.

#

# Allow anonymous FTP (Beware – allowed by default if you comment this out).

anonymous_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir

local_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

local_umask=022

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access

anon_upload_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO

#

# Activate directory messages – messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.

# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.

xferlog_std_format=YES

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that

# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the

# chroot)

chroot_local_user=YES

chroot_list_enable=YES

# (default follows)

chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

#

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

#

# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and

# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction

# with the listen_ipv6 directive.

listen=NO

#

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening

# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6

# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6

# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific

# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration

# files.

# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!

listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd

#userlist_enable=YES

tcp_wrappers=YES

listen_port=2121

userlist_deny=NO

userlist_enable=YES

userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list

pasv_enable=YES

pasv_min_port=10000

pasv_max_port=20000

allow_writeable_chroot=YES